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Our Lady of Europe, Gibraltar
Commemorated on May 5
In thanksgiving for the reconquest of Spain by Christian forces in 1492, the Catholics of Gibraltar converted a mosque into the shrine of Nuestra Señora de Europa. Beneath a lighthouse tower, Our Lady presided over the Straits, its mariners, and the continent of Europe for over two centuries. But in 1704, the British captured Gibraltar and pillaged the shrine. They mutilated the wooden statue of the Virgin and Child and threw it over the cliff. A fisherman found the floating pieces and took them to Father Juan Romero de Figueroa at the church on Main Street (now the Catholic Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned), who carried them to Spain for safekeeping while the Church of Our Lady of Europe served as a British guardroom. There across the bay in Algeciras, the Capillita de Europa housing the repaired statue became a focus of devotion. A replica was placed in Gibraltar's cathedral. In 1864, the Bishop attended the First Vatican Council, where he got Pope Pius IX interested in building a new shrine to Our Lady of Europe. Two years later, the new church was completed. The original statue returned to Gibraltar from Algeciras, where a replica replaced it. But military occupation during two World Wars left the shrine in such disrepair that in 1960 it was torn down for construction of the Old People's Home. In 1961, the government of Gibraltar returned the original chapel, the former mosque, to the Catholic Church. In 1962, it was renovated and reopened as the Shrine of Our Lady of Europe, where the statue was reinstalled on October 17, 1961. In 1979 Pope John Paul II proclaimed the Most Blessed Virgin Mary Principal Patroness of the diocese of Gibraltar under this title. The feast of Our Lady of Europe was celebrated on May 30 until 1980, when the Vatican authorized its transfer to May 5, then celebrated as Europe Day in honor of the Council of Europe's founding on May 5, 1949.
Sources:
"Our Lady of Europe," booklet, The Shrine of Our Lady of Europe, Gibraltar, c1985
Our Lady of Europe, www.ourladyofeurope.net (Shrine's site)
"The Shrine of Our Lady of Europe," www.gibraltar.gov.gi/tourism/lady_of_europe.htm.
"The Shrine of Our Lady of Europe," gibraltar.costasur.com/en/shrine.html (picture)